TARIHIN SAYYADINA UMAR BN KHADDAB R.A

 Tarihin Sayyadina Umar bin Khaddab عمر بن الخطاب, (Allah Ya kara masa yarda):

Shimfiɗa. 

Umar bn al-Khaṭṭāb ( RA) shi ne khalifan Rashidun na biyu, wanda ya yi mulki daga watan Agusta 634 har zuwa kashe shi a shekara ta 644. Ya gaji  Sayyidina Abubakar ( RA) a matsayin khalifan Rashidun na biyu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 634. Umar babban sahabi ne kuma surukinsa annabi Muhammad Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama.

Menene Umar Ibn al-Khattab aka sani da shi?

Umar babban sahabi ne kuma mashawarcin annabin musulunci Muhammad SAW, kuma ya zama shugaba musulmi na biyu bayan wafatin Muhammad ya kuma yi mulki na tsawon shekaru 10. Ya Musulunta a shekara ta 6 bayan wahayin Annabi Muhammadu Sallallahu alaihi Wasallama na farko, ya shafe shekaru 18 yana sahabi Muhammad SAW. 

“Da za a samu wani Annabi a bayana, da ya kasance Umar dan Khaddabi ne.”  – Manzon Allah (SAW).

Shi ne Umar dan Khaddabi dan Nufailu dan Addi dan Abdul Uzza dan Ribalu dan Abdullahi dan Kurdu dan Razahu dan Addi dan Ka’abu, Bakuraishe, Bamakhzume. Sun hada nasaba da Annabi (SAW). Ana yi masa alkunya da Baban Hafsa. Haka kuma Manzon Allah (SAW) ya kira shi da Faruku.

An haife shi a Makka, bayan shekarar giwa da shekara 13. Ya kasance, yana kiwon dabbobin mahaifinsa, lokacin da yake karami. Da ya girma sai ya shiga harkar kasuwanci, inda yakan je fatunci kasar Sham.

Kafin musuluntarsa, yana cikin makiya Musulunci da Musulmi, tare da azabtar da su. Sai Allah Ya karbi addu’ar Manzon Allah (SAW), ya shiyar da shi zuwa Musulunci. Musuluntarsa ke da wuya, sai ya jagoranci Musulmi, shi da Sayyadina Hamza (RA), Baffan Annabi (SAW) suka fito cikin garin Makka, suna kabbara kowa ya gansu. Tun daga locacin nan Musulmi suka daina buya, kan haka ne, Manzon Allah (SAW) ya kira shi da Faruku (mai rabe gaskiya da karya). Sayyadina Umar (RA) bai yi kaura zuwa kasar Habasha ba.

Domin shi gagara-badau ne, kowa yana shayinsa a Makka. Lokacin kaura zuwa Madina kuwa, bai bar Makka a boye ba. Hasali ma, sai da ya sanar da manyan kafiran Makka cewa shi ya fita zuwa Madina, in har akwai mai jin zai iya hana shi, to ga fili ga mai doki! Ya halarci dukan yake- yaken daukaka Musulunci tare da Manzon Allah (SAW) cikin kowane yaki kuma yana ragargazar makiya Allah da ManzonSa (SAW). Duk taron kafiran da ya nufa sai ya tarwatsa su, yana cikin sahabban da suka tabbata tare da Annabi a filin Yakin Uhudu, yayin da  aka watsa rundunar Musulmi.

Sayyidina Umar (RA) shi ne tamkar Waziri na biyu ga Manzon Allah (SAW) bayan Sayyidina Abubakar. Sau da yawa Alkur’ani kan sauka yana tabbatar da abin da Umar (RA) ya ba da shawara a yi, kamar wajen haramta giya da ribatatun Yakin Badar da hijabi da wasu abubuwa da dama. Kan haka Manzon Allah (SAW) ya ce, “Yarda Allah tana cikin yardar Umar”. A lokacin Halifa Abubakar, shi ne babban Waziri gare shi. Shi ne ma ya bai wa Halifa Abubakar shawara a tara Alkur’ani a rubuce shi wuri guda.

Kafin Halifa Abubakar (RA) ya rasu kuma ya yi wasiyyar ya zama halifa a bayansa. Musulmi kuma suka amince, ba tare da wata jayayya ba. An yi masa mubaya’a ran 22 ga watan Jimada Akhir shekara ta 13 Bayan Hijira. (23/8/634 Miladiyya).

Shi ne wanda aka fara kira da sunan Amirul Muninina. Shi ne ya fara amfani da tarihin Hijiriyya. Shi ne ya tara mutane, don yin Sallar Asham cikin watan Ramadan. Ya kuma sanya fitilu a masallatai. Shi ne farkon wanda ya ba da shawarar a tara Alkur’ani. Shi ne ya fara fita da daddare, don jin irin hallin da talakawa ke ciki. Shi ne farkon wanda ya raya birane ta hanyar shirya su da tsara su.

A zamanin halifancinsa, Musulmi suka karasa cinye biranen Sham da Iraki da Farisa, suka kuma bude birnin Masar da Palasdinu  tare da Baitul Mukaddis. Ta fuskar gudanar da daula kuwa, ya tsara abubuwa masu yawa da nagarta, don jin dadin al’umma. Shi ne ya fara amfani da “diwani” (Rajistar sunayen mayaka) da abin da za a rika bai wa kowane mayaki gwargwadon matsayinsa. Shi ne ya fara tura alkalai zuwa garuruwa. Da dai sauran tsare-tsare masu yawa.

Sayyidina Umar (R.A) adalin shugaba ne, wanda ba a samu kamarsa ba. Ga takawa da gudun duniya. Ya kasance yakan kara hannusa a wuta sai ya ce: “(Kunar) wannan?” Sai ya fashe da kuka. Har sai da ya zamo yana da wani zanen baki biyu na hawaye, a kumatunsa, saboda yawan kuka, don tsoron Allah.

Umar ya kasance a duk duniya ana girmama shi saboda adalci da ikonsa. An yarda da rawar da ya taka wajen daidaita al'ummar Musulunci na farko.

Gudanarwa

Nasarorin da sojoji suka samu a zamanin Umar sun kasance sun kasance jigon mafi yawan tarihin da aka rubuta game da shi, amma basirarsa ta hanyar gudanar da mulki cikin sauki ta kan lullube nasarorin da aka samu a fagen, wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi siyasar Umar kamar haka;

1, An ba da sharuɗɗan sassauci ga sababbin mutanen da aka ci nasara, gami da ’yancin addini; ko da yake za su biya haraji na musamman mai suna jizya.

2, An hana siyan filaye a sabbin yankuna da aka kama.

3  An jibge sojoji dabam-dabam da jama'ar yankin a garuruwan gari.

4, An gabatar da fensho, 'yan sanda, kotu, da alawus alawus don saukakawa mutane.

5, An kafa taskar jiha ta dindindin mai suna Bayt al Mal (gidan arziki).

6, An kafa tsarin shari'a maras cikas bisa manyan ma'auni na adalci.

Ƙaunar Umar ga adalci ta zarce dukkan sauran halayensa, ta fuskar tabbatar da ingancin mulkinsa da shahararsa bayan rasuwarsa (aƙalla a wajen Ahlus-Sunnah da ma wasu 'yan Shi'a). A bisa adalcinsa ya samu lakabin Farooq, mai bambance tsakanin daidai da kuskure.

Sayyadina Umar, ya rasu sakamakon suka da wuka mai dafi da wani Bamajuse Abu Lu’u-lu’a’tu, ya yi masa, yana Salla a masallaci, ran 23 ga Zul-Hajji, hijira na da shekara 23. An binne shi a dakin Nana A’sha (RA), kusa da Manzon Allah (SAW) da Sayyadina Abubakar (RA). Ya yi shekara 10 da wata shida yana halifa. Allah Ya kara masa yarda.